Current event 9= astronomy

Most popular stars
Stephen Ornes
April 1, 2009
http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/2009/04/the-most-popular-stars-2/

For a very long time people have been looking at stars and wondering how those get there and what they are made of? People have been wondering who lives there? Stars are very old, stars have been around as long as the universe it self.

Stars all come in different colors white, yellow, blue and red. Some stars are bright and very visible  and others you can only see with tools like a telescopic etc. Stars move sometime in groups or sometime alone. Stars are sometimes surrounded by planets and others are not. Before World War 1 astronomers started to put the stars into two different groups dwarfs and giants. The sun is a dwarf, so then a giants must be hug because the sun is pretty big. 

   

 There is a dwarf called brown dwarf, brown dwarfs have only been found in 1995. Brown dwarfs arnt really brown they are almost totally black. Brown dwarfs also are not stars they are failed stars which astronomers call them.

So as you can see from the info above space is really interesting and in space it is totally different from earth and thats why i think so many people are interested in space and want to travel around space to encounter new things and learn new things as well.

To me space is totally awesome and i love how the stars look in to pictures, i also cant stop looking at stars through a telescopic. From me space is the coolest thing and i would love to learn more about space.  

Eclipse

Eclipses occur when the moon goes in front of the sun which stops the sun from hitting our earth so then the earth goes partially dark. One of the myths f why there was a eclipse from the Chinese and the Indians is that a hug snake attacked the moon and which caused the eclipse. Another myth is that god made the moon go infront of the sun and they would make it go always at noon.

A lunar eclipse is when the sun and the moon are on the other side of the earth, it also happens at night. Also it happens more often then a solar eclipse. A solar eclipse is when things sometimes line up perfectly and then u get a solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse the moon passes through the sun and then earth.

The next total eclipse will be August 21 , 2017 but the annular eclipse will be May 20, 2012. No you can not see a eclipse from every point of earth because it depends on where the moon and sun are colliding and so if it is on your side then you will be able to see it.

One way you can ruin your eyes because you are looking at a eclipse is you can ruin you retina. One way to not damage your eyes is wear the dark cheap glasses. The most safe way to look at a solar eclipse is to look at a projection. You can also use binoculars or a telescope to look at a eclipse.

Lunar Phases

What did you notice about the phases of the moon?  


The phases of the moon change as the moon and the earth rotate around the sun. There are 8 different phases New moon, waxing crescent, First quarter, waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter and Waning Crescent.       




Why do we see different parts of the moon each night?


You see different parts because of how the moon rotates around the earth and then the earth around the sun. You see it differently also because of how the moon is having a reflection from the suns rays. 




What is a lunar month? 


A lunar month is when its goes from a New Moon to a Full Moon. It when the moon goes through all the phases of the moon.


What phases? 


There are many different phases, and different times when those phases show up. For example the full moon is totally white unlike a First quarter moon is a half white moon with the other side black. There are lots more that i listed in the question  before. 


What causes them??


The phases are caused when the earth and the sun are in different laces and times around the sun. It is caused by the suns rays and it is showed by the shadow that it makes. 

What i want to learn!!

In this unit i want to learn about the planets them selves, how they help each other and why are they important to how we live. I also want to know why is space helping us and why is each having live and none of the other planets?

In the unit i also want to learn about why did the living things on one planet go away, and why didnt the living things on earth go away as well?

Reason for the seasons

Reasons for the seasons!

How does the tilt of earths axis affect the light received by earth as it revolves around the sun? 

What causes the seasons???

Hypothesis: The reason there are different seasons because the earth rotates and there are different temperatures around the earth. 

1. If the Northern Hemisphere is winter, then on the southern part of the world it will be the most sunny and hot.The eastern and western parts will be a bit sunny as well. The are where the most concentrated light is at the north pole it almost 24 hour sunlight. 
2. During the summer and winter the equator is always getting some sort of light. The North pole on the other hand in summer it gets lots of sun but in the winter it doesn't get any sun at all. 
3. If the squares are getting longer i would infer that more heat will be able to go into one square unlike if it was shorter. 
4. The place where it is constantly coolest is the South pole because when we where doing the seasons lab you could see on the ball that the south pole was not getting a lot of light from the flash light. The warmest place is the equator or places close to it.
5. The time when the tooth picks shadow will be longest is when it is summer because the tooth pick is pointed towards the sun so it will have a longer and bigger shadow. In winter the tooth pick will be the shortest because the tooth pick is not really being recognized by the rays of the sun. 
6. Well if the sun is at some particular point where it is pointed to the sun. So that the sun can send its rays and then it will hit the earth straight on but then there is when the sun is not pointed at the sun and then the rays hit the earth but hit right off.

Analysis:

I think that my Hypothesis for this unit is correct and i think that we had a clear idea on what we where doing and how we did it. This lab taught me a lot about the earth and out planets how they move, how they interact with each other and how they all come together to build up space. 

Knowledge of waves

What do you know about waves now, then what you knew before?

• Now i know a lot more, because now i know more types of waves and how they work. Also how they move and how they effect in good ways and bad ways. Like irradiated waves, they can be bad because they can cause a lot of bad sicknesses. 
• Also there are X rays which i knew before because i broke my arm and then i saw my arm. Also i could see my brain.  
• The thing i most liked was the ultraviolet, because it was very interesting and it ad a lot of interesting facts to explain to me what it does and how it can help and not help. 
• I wouldnt change anything because i thought me and Mary did a very good job with the info and how we set it up. 

Food Radiation

Notes

• Food travels a long way to get to your plate. 
• Potatoes come from Maine and strawberries from Florida or Mexico. 
• Sometimes food makes people sick.
• Millions of Americans get sick every year from contaminated or spoiled food.
• A way to preventing you from getting sick is to treat your food by irradiation.
• Gamma rays are sent through fresh or frozen foods. 
• More then 40 countries dont allow food irradiation. 
• Radiation kills living cells. 
• It can destroy nutrients.
• Irradiation doesnt make food radioactive.
• Irradiated food must be labeled.

Questions 

1. In your own words explain the problem of food irradiation. 

The problem to me is that food irradiation is being taken lightly and not seriously. So more and more and eating irradiated food even thought they dont know its bad and what it can do. 

    3. You see two containers of a food at the supermarket. One is irradiated; one is not. The price s the same. Which would you buy?

I would buy the one that is not because it is healthier and i dont really trust irradiated food. I also dont really know what it does, so i would rather just stick with normal foods. 

Noise and hearing!!!

Noise Pollution

Noise pollution can be a very big problem and it can also have a great affect on people in the area. Noise pollution can come in many forms. Below i will give examples of how it comes and how it can effect people. 

What is Noise Pollution? 

 Noise pollution is a type of Pollution and it can be a energy pollution as well. There are all kinds of energy pollution like, Light and heat pollution. Noise pollution comes from, Barking dogs, cars/ motorcycles, trains, loud music etc. 

What are the effects of Noise Pollution? 

Noise pollution can Distract, Irritate, and also can hurt humans health, like deafness, cant sleep, heartburn high blood pressure etc. Noise pollution gets rid of other natural sounds and interferes with other sound waves. 

Ways to eliminate Noise pollution? 

 One way you can stop it, is like if you have loud music, or partying well you can just think of your Neighbors and just turn it down or just not have the party in the first place. Also you can just have the party somewhere else. For car noises, you can just not live next to a free way or next to a street. If a dog is barking and you get irritated just have the owner make sure she has her dog under control. 

Ways to help hearing loss? 

 A lot of doctor say that it is really hard to get you hearing back but some have very  weird and easy ways to get them back. For example, one doctor who i read about say that if you take vitamin pills then you can give energy to the cells in your ear that are dead then you may get better over the months or years, but you will never have you full hearing back. What i am hearing is that the pill solution is the most effective and will help you fast. 

So as you can see, noise pollution is one of the big three energy pollutions. So if i were you be very careful and aware of it.


Bibliography: 

1. http://what-is-what.com/what_is/noise_pollution.html is a really good site, that gave me a good amount of info on hearing and other stuff related to it. The article was posted on 15 October 2007. The article is by Google. 
2. http://www.geogise.com/environmental-issues/noise-pollution.php this site was the best, it gave me most of the info that i have on my blog. The article is by Google and was added on by Google. 
3. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/58409/possible_ways_to_reverse_hearing_loss.html?cat=5 this site gave good info on what it does and how it kills. The article was posted on September 11, 2006 by Erika V. Cox. 
   
   

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/58409/possible_ways_to_reverse_hearing_loss.html?cat=5

The lab with toning forks

Tuning Fork Lab

Guiding question:
How does density of various solids affect the wave sound waves travel from the tuning fork?

Hypothesis:
I think that all the materials will have a different sound and a bigger frequency.
Data Analysis:

Material:	Density:	Observation:
Locker	7.85 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: Very high pitched, proves that that the smaller they are the louder they sound. sound lasts for 17.69 seconds. a lot less vibration than with the larger one. Tuning Fork 256 C: lower pitched, sound is slightly harder to hear (not as loud) sound lasts for 15.03 seconds. a lot more vibration with this one than with the smaller one.
White Board	2.8 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: less vibration lasts for only 9 seconds. Tuning Fork 256 C: loud! not as much vibration as with lockers. sound lasts for 18.65 seconds.
Desk	0.75 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: Just as loud as it was against the locker, sound lasts for, 12.35 seconds. Tuning Fork 256 C: Sound lasts for 30.73 seconds, More vibration than on white board and lasts for longer.
Wall	3.12 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: Lasts for 20.75 seconds, more vibration than other ones. lasts longer than dest Tuning Fork 256 C: Sound lasts for 34.0 seconds, not very high vibration.
Wooden Floor	0.50 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: last for 9.44 seconds, same vibration amount as locker, very hollow sounding. Pitch lower Tuning Fork 256 C: Lasted 30.43 seconds, vibration not very high, pitch was high sounding.
Cement floor	3.12 g/cm 3	Tuning Fork 480 B: Lasts for 7.05 seconds, vibration high, pitch higher than mlst tries. Very loud, loudest one. Tuning Fork 256 C: Sound lasts for 27.25 seconds, vibration very high, higher than usually but not as high as last try.

Conclusion:

The bigger the fork the lower the pitch and the smaller it is the shorter it goes. The best sound we got from the both forks is from the locker. All related to the forks when you put them against you lips or put your finger in between the two metal things then your finger feels really weird and fuzzy.

Further Inquiry:

If i were to improve my lab then i would, try the fork on different items. I would also make more then one observation on one item. The things i did good, would be everything because i helped with everything and i was a good partner.

Sites that you used:
No research was done.

Properties of Sound!!!!!

Sound can come in Low and High frequencies and it can come in different intensities. The intensity of a sound wave is the amount of energy the wave carries per second through a unit area, that came right from the Science Explorer book. A sound wave with a bigger intensity will sound louder than a wave with lower intensity.
A sound that is lower than a normal person can hear is called Ultrasound. What i think that means is that Ultrasound is when dogs can hear it, like those special dog whistle.
When a sound wave goes toward the ear, the waves will go to the ear with high frequency. The pitch of the wave increases when it comes and that is called the Doppler affect.

Sound!!!!

Sound, sound starts with a vibration that later on ends up with a human being hearing. The way the sound goes through our ear is that. First the sound goes into the ear canal, then into the eardrum so that you get the frequency, then it goes through the stirrup and then into the anvil and in the anvil there are tiny hairs that sway when sound comes in and then the hairs send the sound to the brain.
The speed of sound depends on the Elasticity, if you dont know what Elasticity is, then i will tell you, Elasticity is the ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed. Also in the speed there is density and temperature.
Density in a medium is how much matter, or mass there s in any amount of space or volume.

Earthquake safety plan!!!!

To make my house safe i would reinforce some of the shelves and i would do that to all the tables the closets and the the book shelves. Another thing i would do before i build the house i would make the construction workers build in metal that can move with the earthquake so that my house doesn't brake. I could also install these metal sheet so that when a earthquake come the sheets will go over the window so that they dont brake. But i would only do this if there was a earthquake like every week or month because if a earthquake happens every year or more then its just a wasnt of money well unless i am planning to stay there my whole life.
So now you know what i would do to my house for a earthquakes.

The deadliest tsunami in history?

I will be telling you guys about tsunamis and earthquakes and a lot of other things related to tsunamis and earthquakes. If some of you don’t know what a tsunami is well then I will tell you, a tsunami is a lot of waves made by a earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption or very rarely a meteorite hits. Tsunamis can cause huge damage when they hit coastlines. Some people call tsunamis “tidal waves.” Right now I bet your thinking to yourself, “How is a tsunami caused in details?” well I will answer that right now. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes are caused when an ocean plate is pushed or forced into a mantle.

Now I will go into how science is involved in a Tsunami and earthquakes. Science is involved in the tsunami by a lot of ways, one of them is that scientists use a seismograph to detect where it is, when it will hit and how strong it is. The Seismograph works by when a wave leaves the epicenter the Seismograph will record the frequencies by making these waves on a paper. So scientist can tell everyone and tell that danger is coming. Another way they can predict if a tsunami is coming they track the winds and how strong it is and then they also look at the temperature and what time of year it is. Scientist can predict if a tsunami or earthquake is coming by a GPS as well. Also they use a simulation program to see what the earthquake or tsunami will do to countries around the world. Then they use a pressuring system and then they take a map and try to mark were it is happening and then from those marks further on in the year if a Tsunami or earthquake happens there again then they would know automatically because they marked it before. Those systems are mainly used for tsunamis but now I will tell you a bit on how they use a system to detect earthquakes. There are two main ways, one of them is the same as the tsunami, and it’s to have a seismograph a look and the wave frequency. But the new one that some people have animals and they pay attention to them and if they start to act up or act weird then you will now and you will follow the animals to where they go. Those are two ways to know when a earthquake is coming.

The benefits of having a warning system are a great advantage for the people who live in that place for example in Phuket, they didn’t have a warning system and a lot died and some had no homes to go to. But if you do have a warning system then you will know when a earthquake comes or tsunami and then you can prepare for example for a earthquake you can border your windows and get the ware house ready or you can move to a place that it prepared for a earthquake. But for a tsunami, the most wise thing to do once you get the warning it to get out of that area and to move to high ground and when I say high ground I don’t mean going to a top of a apartment building I mean claim to the top of a mountain or drive away from oceans or large pots of water. All those things I told you are was f benefits and limitations to having a warning system.

Now I will tell you the impact on the society of having the warning system and which one is the best, I would think that the best warning system is the seismograph and it is really reliable. But for the society I would that it would increase the society because if you have this warning system the people who want to visit will know for sure that they will safe when they are at the beach or any part or that country of place because of the warning system. Another advantage of having this warning system is that if you get more people to the country then the economy will rise because you might get politicians and lawyers and everything else. So as you can see there is a great advantage to having the warning system.

So as you can see, the seismograph is the best warning system from my perspective and I hope you guys agree with me. But I would also agree with the GPS system of navigating the waves. The thing I didn’t agree is with the meteorite, if a meteorite hit the earth the places that is hit would destroy everything and there would be no water so how would there be a tsunami, but I have heard that if a meteorite hits these really strong winds start and blow around the earth which would make whirlpools and maybe begging coastline waves but I don’t think a tsunami.  

 

This a Seismograph if you didnt know how it looks. 

This how a tsunami is made.




Bibliography 

Technical/Research Report

Chembah. How to detect an earthquake before it happens ? N.p.: n.p., January 19,       2010 -. N. pag. http://expertscolumn.com/content/      how-detect-earthquake-it-happens. Web. 24 Feb. 2010.

Technical/Research Report

Google, and Brett M Christensen. Sumatra Island Tsunami Wave Photograph Hoax.      N.p.: n.p., 5th December 2007. N. pag. http://www.hoax-slayer.com/      tsunami-wave-sumatra.shtml. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.

Technical/Research Report

Tsunami . N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. http://www.ussartf.org/tsunamis.htm. Web. 24      Feb. 2011.

Science lab Building a Seismograph!!!

Hypothesis:
Can you design and build a seismograph that can record the movements of simulated earthquakes?

Prediction:
I think our seismograph will work and we will make it.

Materials:

• Cardboard box
• A couple of rubber bands
• Some safety pins
• A pen that is fine point
• Paper that has a chart system
• String 
• Tape 
• Toilet role  
• Knife

Procedure: 

1. Get all the materials that you need
2. Get the cardboard box and the knife and then cut the bottom of the box off and the one side of the box so you can see into the box.
3. Now get the knife and make one hole in two sides that are parallel and make three holes on the top of the box and make t in the shape of a triangle. 
4. Then get the string and put it through the top holes and then tape the ends of the strings to the pen and make sure the pen can touch the bottom of the box. 
5. Now get the rubber band and put one rubber band through the holes on the sides and then attach them to the pen and then on the outside of the box use the pin and put it on so that the rubber band doesn't go into the box.
6. After get the toilet role and the paper and tape one side of the paper to the role.
7. Ok now put the paper under the pan.
8. Now your almost done, now you just have to make the box shake and you have to pull the paper away from the pen.
9. And now you have waves recorded on your paper and you will know when a earthquake happens. 

Analyze and Conclude:

In our first try making the Seismograph we had a problem with the pen hitting the paper and how the pen wrote. So we had to try writing with a lot of different types of pens. When the pen didn't write good we would pull the paper slower or we would tighten the rubber bands to make the pen wiggle more. When we were building the Seismograph we didn't have a lot of problems but we did have one, it was how will we hold the rubber bands and we made the Seismograph in one try which is parity good for our first time making one. It is important that scientist have Seismographs so that they can tell people and know them selfs when a earthquake is coming and how how strong it is.   

Communicate:

Hello people of the world, i would like to present a new Seismograph for scientist and for people in science class. This is a state of the art Seismograph, it will last up to 30 year and it will give you the most accurate recordings and the pen that is attached to the Seismograph is a pen that will last for over 60 years. Come and buy our product at this site WWW. MRS.M-ROCKS.COM. 

Earthquake 2-4

• Geologists can determine earthquakes risk by locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occurred. 
• In the United States, the risk is highest along the Pacific coast in California, Washington and Alaska. 
• The eastern United Sates generally has a low risk of earthquakes because this region leis far from plate boundaries. 
• The shaking produced by seismic waves can trigger landslides or avalanches. The shaking destroys a lot of thing from Building to bridges and then to hug cracks in the ground.
• Liquefaction occurs when an earthquakes violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud. 
• Aftershocks is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. 
• A tsunami is a the water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave called tsunami. 
• The tsunami spreads out from an earthquakes epicenter and spreads across the ocean

1. They can find it out by finding the faults and where past earthquakes have occurred. 
2. It varies because in the United Sates there are lots of earthquakes. 
3. There is shaking, Liquefaction, aftershock and tsunami. 
4. It makes cracks in the ground and makes the soil really moist and loose. 
5. It would make the soil even moister and then the crack happen immediately and the destruction would be greater and there will be mud slides.
6. If your are in a building and there is a earthquake, you should stand in the door way or under a table.

Paragraph on how measuring changes in the land.

• Zhang Heng, an astronomer, designed and built a earthquake detector device in Chine nearly 2,000 years ago. People say that it can detect a earthquake several thousand miles away. 
• A seismograph can consist of a heavy weight attached to a frame by a spring or wire. 
• A pen connected to the weight rests its point on a drum that can rotate. As the drum rotates slowly, the pen draws a straight line on the papers wrapped tightly around the drum.
• Seismic waves cause the seismograph's drum to vibrate. But the suspended weight with the pen attached moves very little. Therefore, the pen stays in place and records the drum's vibrations.  
• Along a fault, scientists may detect a slight rise or fall in the elevation and tilt of  the land. 
• To monitor faults, geologists have developed instruments to measure changes in elevations, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements along faults. 
• A tiltmeter measures tilting or raising of the ground. A tiltmeter used by geologists is made up of two bulbs that are filled with a liquid and connected by a hollow stem. 
• A Creep Meters is used a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground. On one side of the fault, the wire is anchored to a post. On the other side, the wire is attached to a weight that can slide if the fault moves. 
• A laser- Ranging devices uses a laser beam to detect horizontal fault movement. The device times a laser beam as it travels to a reflector and back.  
• Faults are usually hidden by a thick layer of rock and soil. When seismic waves encounter a fault, the waves are reflected off the fault. 

1. A seismograph is a tool used to detect how far a earthquake is and how big it is. 
2. a seismograph uses lines to record the earthquake. 
3. It would compare the big one and the small one and tell which ones stronger and has more power. 
4. The four tools are tiltmeters, creep meters, laser- ranging devices and GPS satellites. 
5. Same measure the speed, the height and how long until it happens. 

     7. they can use them to see how often there are earthquakes in that area. 

     

The latest earthquake was on 02- 01- 2011 in Argentina, the quake was a 4.6 Mb, the depth of the earthquake is 321 miles. The earthquake is 927 miles from Buenos Aires. The earthquake is parity big but it is small compared to the other earthquakes that happened in Argentina. I got this info from a universal site that shows and tells you about earthquakes that happened around the world. http://www.zamg.ac.at/geophysik/bebenkarte/quakes/2011032_evid52399353/evid52399353.html.en.utf8 

Finding the Epicenter lab

Problem:
How can you locate an earthquake’s epicenter?
The Epicenter are found where the earth quake sites connect and when the wave makes a X between the two vibrations.


Skills Focus:
interpreting data, drawing conclusions


Materials:

• drawing compass with pencil
• outline map of the United States

Procedure:


1. Review the data table showing differences in earthquake arrival times.

2. The graph shows how the difference in arrival times between P waves
and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the
earthquake. Find the difference in arrival time for Denver on the y-axis
of the graph. Follow this line across to the point at which it crosses the
curve. To find the distance to the epicenter, read down from this point to
the x-axis of the graph. Enter this distance in the data table.

3. Repeat Step 2 for Houston and Chicago.

4. Set your compass at a radius equal to the distance from Denver to the
earthquake epicenter that you recorded in your data table.

5. Draw a circle with the radius determined in Step 4, using Denver as the
center. Draw the circle on the map. (Hints: Draw your circles carefully.
You may need to draw some parts of the circles off the map.)

6. Repeat Steps 4 and 5 for Houston and Chicago.

City	Difference in P and S Wave Arrival Times	Distance to Epicenter
Denver, Colorado	2 min 40 s	1600
Houston, Texas	1 min 50 s	1000
Chicago, illinois	1 min 10 s	800

Analyze and Conclude

1. Observe the three circles you have drawn. Where is the earthquake’s 

epicenter?

The three circles are based in Denver, Colorado/ Houston, Texas and Chicago, Illinois.

2. Which city on the map is closest to the earthquake epicenter? How far, in 

kilometers, is this city from the epicenter?

The closest places to the Epicenter are Kansas, Michigan/ Alabama and Hawaii.

3. In which of the three cities listed in the data table would seismographs 

detect the earthquake first? Last?

The places were the seismograph would detect first is Hawaii and Michigan.

4. About how far from San Francisco is the epicenter that you found? What 

would the difference in arrival times of the P waves and S waves be for a 

recording station in San Francisco?

San Francisco is right next to the Epicenter. I dont know the difference in the speed.

Types of stress

There are 3 types of stress:

1. Tension 
2. Compression
3. Shearing

Tension pulls on the crust, stretching the so that it becomes thinner in the middle. Tension happens when two plates are moving apart. 

Compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. One plate pushing against another can compress rock like a giant trash compactor

Shearing is a mass of rock in two opposite directions. Shearing can cause rock to break and slip apart or to change its shape. 

Kinds of faults:

• When enough stress builds up in the rock, the rock breaks, creating a fault. Fault is a break in the rock of the crust where the rock surfaces slip past each other. 
• The rocks on both sides of a fault can move up and down or side to side. 
• Most faults occur along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks.
• There are three main types of faults: normal faults, reverse faults and strike- slip faults.

Reverse faults:

•  In places where the rock of crust of the crust is pushed together, compression causes reverse to form. 
• A reverse fault has the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in the opposite direction. 
• The rock forming the hanging wall of a reverse faults produced part of the northern Rocky Mountains in the western United states and Canada. 
• A normal fault, one side of a reverse fault lies at an angle above the other side. 

Strike- slip faults:

• In places where plates move past each other, shearing creates strike- slip faults. 
• In a strike- slip faults, the rocks on either side of the fault slips past each other side- ways, with little up and down motion. 

Changing Earths Surface:

• The force produced by the movement of Earths plates can fold, stretch and uplift the crust. 
• Over millions of years, the forces of plate movement can change a flat plain into land- forms such as anticlines and synclines, folded mountains, fault- block mountains, and plateaus. 

Key questions:

 

what are the three main types of stress in rock? 

The three main types are tension, compression and shearing.

how does tension change the shape of Earths crust?

It pulls on the crust, stretching the so that it becomes thinner in the middle.

Compare the way that compression affects the crust to the way that tension effects the crust? 

 Compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks and tension pulls on the crust, stretching the so that it becomes thinner in the middle. So the two do totally different things. 

What is a fault? 

 hen enough stress builds up in the rock, the rock breaks, creating a fault.

Why do faults often occur along plate boundaries?

Because its where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks.

What types of faults is formed when plates diverge, or pull apart? what type of faults is formed when plates are pushed together? 

It is normal faults and reverse faults. 

Name five kinds of landforms caused by plate movement? 

anticlines, synclines, folded mountains, fault- block mountains, and plateaus. 

Notes for Billy the science guy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• The earths surface is on top of lava. (Magma)
• The earths surface is really flexible.
• Heat makes the plates move.
• When plates touch or scratch each other they create mountains
• Lava comes out as some kind of liquid and then it freezes and becomes rock.

Conclusion

After reading pages 24 and 25 i have learned more about waves and how they react. For example, When an object or waves hit a surface through which it cannot pass, it bounces back/ The angle of incidence is the angle between the incoming wave and the imaginary perpendicular to the surface and the last thing is when a wave passes through a barrier or moves through a hole in a barrier, it bends and spreads out. All these notes i took are from the, "Science Explorer" these notes are parity good and they give a good feeling about waves. Some of the words i learned are, The bending of waves due to a change in speed is called REFRACTION, another one is, the bending of waves around the edge of a barrier is known as DIFFRACTION.  

Using balls to make trails!!!!!

Luka and I we partners for this project. We used 3 different types of balls we used a bouncy ball, a marble and a golf ball. The point of this was to see the reaction of the ball hitting something and to make tracks. The first way we made tracks was we get the bouncy ball and make it wet, then we get it and we roll it to the wall and the tracks will show on the wight paper. The second ball we used was a golf ball and for that ball we rolled it and the we used a marker to show were it went. The third ball we used is the marble and when we rolled we used the marker again.
So as you can see, the bouncy ball was the best because it bounced and came right back. In a little while i will post a video of it and i will have the picture of our research.    

Interacting with water Waves!!!!

For brins and my project we had to get a tube and fill it with water. With the water we used markers to make waves, with those waves we observed what would happen to the waves when they interact with something or with another wave.
In the observation we had to make 3 tapings with no blocker and then we had to do one with one blocker and one with two blockers. In our first try with no blockers, we taped lightly in two corners at the same time and as a result we got waves. The two waves crashed into each other and as a result we got even lighter waves because the waves slowed down when the two waves collided. In our second wave we taped harder in the exact same corners. So we had fast waves and when the collided the collision was greater. Because there are a lot of steps i will skip a few and go to our first try with a blocker, we put our first blocker on the left of the tube and we taped with one marker in the middle. So as a result we got a wave and when that wave took off it hit the blocker and then it bounced back, but some of the wave continued and it reached the other side of the tube.
So as you can see a wave can hit and object and then bounce back. A wave can come in many different ways a sound wave, sonar wave and a person talking is a wave as well. Waves are very interesting and come in very different ways.