The deadliest tsunami in history?

I will be telling you guys about tsunamis and earthquakes and a lot of other things related to tsunamis and earthquakes. If some of you don’t know what a tsunami is well then I will tell you, a tsunami is a lot of waves made by a earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption or very rarely a meteorite hits. Tsunamis can cause huge damage when they hit coastlines. Some people call tsunamis “tidal waves.” Right now I bet your thinking to yourself, “How is a tsunami caused in details?” well I will answer that right now. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes are caused when an ocean plate is pushed or forced into a mantle.

Now I will go into how science is involved in a Tsunami and earthquakes. Science is involved in the tsunami by a lot of ways, one of them is that scientists use a seismograph to detect where it is, when it will hit and how strong it is. The Seismograph works by when a wave leaves the epicenter the Seismograph will record the frequencies by making these waves on a paper. So scientist can tell everyone and tell that danger is coming. Another way they can predict if a tsunami is coming they track the winds and how strong it is and then they also look at the temperature and what time of year it is. Scientist can predict if a tsunami or earthquake is coming by a GPS as well. Also they use a simulation program to see what the earthquake or tsunami will do to countries around the world. Then they use a pressuring system and then they take a map and try to mark were it is happening and then from those marks further on in the year if a Tsunami or earthquake happens there again then they would know automatically because they marked it before. Those systems are mainly used for tsunamis but now I will tell you a bit on how they use a system to detect earthquakes. There are two main ways, one of them is the same as the tsunami, and it’s to have a seismograph a look and the wave frequency. But the new one that some people have animals and they pay attention to them and if they start to act up or act weird then you will now and you will follow the animals to where they go. Those are two ways to know when a earthquake is coming.

The benefits of having a warning system are a great advantage for the people who live in that place for example in Phuket, they didn’t have a warning system and a lot died and some had no homes to go to. But if you do have a warning system then you will know when a earthquake comes or tsunami and then you can prepare for example for a earthquake you can border your windows and get the ware house ready or you can move to a place that it prepared for a earthquake. But for a tsunami, the most wise thing to do once you get the warning it to get out of that area and to move to high ground and when I say high ground I don’t mean going to a top of a apartment building I mean claim to the top of a mountain or drive away from oceans or large pots of water. All those things I told you are was f benefits and limitations to having a warning system.

Now I will tell you the impact on the society of having the warning system and which one is the best, I would think that the best warning system is the seismograph and it is really reliable. But for the society I would that it would increase the society because if you have this warning system the people who want to visit will know for sure that they will safe when they are at the beach or any part or that country of place because of the warning system. Another advantage of having this warning system is that if you get more people to the country then the economy will rise because you might get politicians and lawyers and everything else. So as you can see there is a great advantage to having the warning system.

So as you can see, the seismograph is the best warning system from my perspective and I hope you guys agree with me. But I would also agree with the GPS system of navigating the waves. The thing I didn’t agree is with the meteorite, if a meteorite hit the earth the places that is hit would destroy everything and there would be no water so how would there be a tsunami, but I have heard that if a meteorite hits these really strong winds start and blow around the earth which would make whirlpools and maybe begging coastline waves but I don’t think a tsunami.  

 

This a Seismograph if you didnt know how it looks. 

This how a tsunami is made.




Bibliography 

Technical/Research Report

Chembah. How to detect an earthquake before it happens ? N.p.: n.p., January 19,       2010 -. N. pag. http://expertscolumn.com/content/      how-detect-earthquake-it-happens. Web. 24 Feb. 2010.

Technical/Research Report

Google, and Brett M Christensen. Sumatra Island Tsunami Wave Photograph Hoax.      N.p.: n.p., 5th December 2007. N. pag. http://www.hoax-slayer.com/      tsunami-wave-sumatra.shtml. Web. 24 Feb. 2011.

Technical/Research Report

Tsunami . N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. http://www.ussartf.org/tsunamis.htm. Web. 24      Feb. 2011.

Science lab Building a Seismograph!!!

Hypothesis:
Can you design and build a seismograph that can record the movements of simulated earthquakes?

Prediction:
I think our seismograph will work and we will make it.

Materials:

• Cardboard box
• A couple of rubber bands
• Some safety pins
• A pen that is fine point
• Paper that has a chart system
• String 
• Tape 
• Toilet role  
• Knife

Procedure: 

1. Get all the materials that you need
2. Get the cardboard box and the knife and then cut the bottom of the box off and the one side of the box so you can see into the box.
3. Now get the knife and make one hole in two sides that are parallel and make three holes on the top of the box and make t in the shape of a triangle. 
4. Then get the string and put it through the top holes and then tape the ends of the strings to the pen and make sure the pen can touch the bottom of the box. 
5. Now get the rubber band and put one rubber band through the holes on the sides and then attach them to the pen and then on the outside of the box use the pin and put it on so that the rubber band doesn't go into the box.
6. After get the toilet role and the paper and tape one side of the paper to the role.
7. Ok now put the paper under the pan.
8. Now your almost done, now you just have to make the box shake and you have to pull the paper away from the pen.
9. And now you have waves recorded on your paper and you will know when a earthquake happens. 

Analyze and Conclude:

In our first try making the Seismograph we had a problem with the pen hitting the paper and how the pen wrote. So we had to try writing with a lot of different types of pens. When the pen didn't write good we would pull the paper slower or we would tighten the rubber bands to make the pen wiggle more. When we were building the Seismograph we didn't have a lot of problems but we did have one, it was how will we hold the rubber bands and we made the Seismograph in one try which is parity good for our first time making one. It is important that scientist have Seismographs so that they can tell people and know them selfs when a earthquake is coming and how how strong it is.   

Communicate:

Hello people of the world, i would like to present a new Seismograph for scientist and for people in science class. This is a state of the art Seismograph, it will last up to 30 year and it will give you the most accurate recordings and the pen that is attached to the Seismograph is a pen that will last for over 60 years. Come and buy our product at this site WWW. MRS.M-ROCKS.COM. 

Earthquake 2-4

• Geologists can determine earthquakes risk by locating where faults are active and where past earthquakes have occurred. 
• In the United States, the risk is highest along the Pacific coast in California, Washington and Alaska. 
• The eastern United Sates generally has a low risk of earthquakes because this region leis far from plate boundaries. 
• The shaking produced by seismic waves can trigger landslides or avalanches. The shaking destroys a lot of thing from Building to bridges and then to hug cracks in the ground.
• Liquefaction occurs when an earthquakes violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud. 
• Aftershocks is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. 
• A tsunami is a the water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave called tsunami. 
• The tsunami spreads out from an earthquakes epicenter and spreads across the ocean

1. They can find it out by finding the faults and where past earthquakes have occurred. 
2. It varies because in the United Sates there are lots of earthquakes. 
3. There is shaking, Liquefaction, aftershock and tsunami. 
4. It makes cracks in the ground and makes the soil really moist and loose. 
5. It would make the soil even moister and then the crack happen immediately and the destruction would be greater and there will be mud slides.
6. If your are in a building and there is a earthquake, you should stand in the door way or under a table.

Paragraph on how measuring changes in the land.

• Zhang Heng, an astronomer, designed and built a earthquake detector device in Chine nearly 2,000 years ago. People say that it can detect a earthquake several thousand miles away. 
• A seismograph can consist of a heavy weight attached to a frame by a spring or wire. 
• A pen connected to the weight rests its point on a drum that can rotate. As the drum rotates slowly, the pen draws a straight line on the papers wrapped tightly around the drum.
• Seismic waves cause the seismograph's drum to vibrate. But the suspended weight with the pen attached moves very little. Therefore, the pen stays in place and records the drum's vibrations.  
• Along a fault, scientists may detect a slight rise or fall in the elevation and tilt of  the land. 
• To monitor faults, geologists have developed instruments to measure changes in elevations, tilting of the land surface, and ground movements along faults. 
• A tiltmeter measures tilting or raising of the ground. A tiltmeter used by geologists is made up of two bulbs that are filled with a liquid and connected by a hollow stem. 
• A Creep Meters is used a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground. On one side of the fault, the wire is anchored to a post. On the other side, the wire is attached to a weight that can slide if the fault moves. 
• A laser- Ranging devices uses a laser beam to detect horizontal fault movement. The device times a laser beam as it travels to a reflector and back.  
• Faults are usually hidden by a thick layer of rock and soil. When seismic waves encounter a fault, the waves are reflected off the fault. 

1. A seismograph is a tool used to detect how far a earthquake is and how big it is. 
2. a seismograph uses lines to record the earthquake. 
3. It would compare the big one and the small one and tell which ones stronger and has more power. 
4. The four tools are tiltmeters, creep meters, laser- ranging devices and GPS satellites. 
5. Same measure the speed, the height and how long until it happens. 

     7. they can use them to see how often there are earthquakes in that area. 

     

The latest earthquake was on 02- 01- 2011 in Argentina, the quake was a 4.6 Mb, the depth of the earthquake is 321 miles. The earthquake is 927 miles from Buenos Aires. The earthquake is parity big but it is small compared to the other earthquakes that happened in Argentina. I got this info from a universal site that shows and tells you about earthquakes that happened around the world. http://www.zamg.ac.at/geophysik/bebenkarte/quakes/2011032_evid52399353/evid52399353.html.en.utf8 

Finding the Epicenter lab

Problem:
How can you locate an earthquake’s epicenter?
The Epicenter are found where the earth quake sites connect and when the wave makes a X between the two vibrations.


Skills Focus:
interpreting data, drawing conclusions


Materials:

• drawing compass with pencil
• outline map of the United States

Procedure:


1. Review the data table showing differences in earthquake arrival times.

2. The graph shows how the difference in arrival times between P waves
and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the
earthquake. Find the difference in arrival time for Denver on the y-axis
of the graph. Follow this line across to the point at which it crosses the
curve. To find the distance to the epicenter, read down from this point to
the x-axis of the graph. Enter this distance in the data table.

3. Repeat Step 2 for Houston and Chicago.

4. Set your compass at a radius equal to the distance from Denver to the
earthquake epicenter that you recorded in your data table.

5. Draw a circle with the radius determined in Step 4, using Denver as the
center. Draw the circle on the map. (Hints: Draw your circles carefully.
You may need to draw some parts of the circles off the map.)

6. Repeat Steps 4 and 5 for Houston and Chicago.

City	Difference in P and S Wave Arrival Times	Distance to Epicenter
Denver, Colorado	2 min 40 s	1600
Houston, Texas	1 min 50 s	1000
Chicago, illinois	1 min 10 s	800

Analyze and Conclude

1. Observe the three circles you have drawn. Where is the earthquake’s 

epicenter?

The three circles are based in Denver, Colorado/ Houston, Texas and Chicago, Illinois.

2. Which city on the map is closest to the earthquake epicenter? How far, in 

kilometers, is this city from the epicenter?

The closest places to the Epicenter are Kansas, Michigan/ Alabama and Hawaii.

3. In which of the three cities listed in the data table would seismographs 

detect the earthquake first? Last?

The places were the seismograph would detect first is Hawaii and Michigan.

4. About how far from San Francisco is the epicenter that you found? What 

would the difference in arrival times of the P waves and S waves be for a 

recording station in San Francisco?

San Francisco is right next to the Epicenter. I dont know the difference in the speed.